SPIKE Prime Python Knowledge Base

• Based on LEGO Education SPIKE app, Version 1.2.1
• Copied from app by Michael Harris, webpage formatting by Ethan Danahy, customization for inclusion in CodingRooms by Ethan Danahy.
• Visit LEGO Education Software Download for latest copy of SPIKE App (which includes latest version of Knowledge Base documentation

Index

• Getting Started
• App
• Buttons
• Color Sensor
• Distance Sensor
• Force Sensor
• Light matrix
• Mathematical Functions
• Motion Sensor
• Motor Pairs
• Operators
• Prime Hub
• Single Motors
• Speaker
• Status Light
• Wait Functions
• Timer

Getting Started

Here is a place you can start to learn to code with Python. You will find in the following parts of this “Getting Started” many examples of programs you can use as you explore the Python functionalities of SPIKE.

Alright, here we go!

• Writing a Python Program
• Example 1: Programming Simple Outputs
• Example 2: Controlling the Motors
• Example 3: Using the Force Sensor
• Example 4: Changing the Flow with Loops & Conditions
• Example 5: Using the Color Sensor
• Example 6: Using the Distance Sensor
• Example 7: Using The Motion Sensor
• Example 8: Driving
• More Python Basics
• Common SPIKE Python Commands

Writing a Python Program

Python is a very intuitive text-based coding language. It’s an excellent programming language for beginners because it’s concise and easy-to-read. It’s also an excellent language for programmers because it can be used for everything from web development to software development and scientific applications.

There are only a few rules that you have to keep in mind when writing commands.

• Importing Libraries
• Comments in Python
• Indenting

Importing Libraries

When creating Python projects, you’ll often have to import a library of functions. In terms of programming, a library is basically all of the possible “ingredients” you can to use to create your “recipe.”

When using SPIKE, you must always "include" the library that’s linked to the different hardware components (e.g., motors, Hub, sensors).

from spike import PrimeHub, MotorPair

Here are some of the libraries that you can import:

• App
• Hub
• Light Matrix
• Buttons
• Speaker
• Brick Status Light
• Motion Sensor
• Distance Sensor
• Color Sensor
• Force Sensor
• Motor
• Motor Pair
• Operators

The imported libraries are located at the beginning of the .py file, and should appear only once in the program.

If you’re unsure of which libraries you should import, you can always import everything possible using:

from spike import PrimeHub, LightMatrix, Button, StatusLight, ForceSensor, MotionSensor, Speaker, ColorSensor, App, DistanceSensor, Motor, MotorPair from spike.control import wait_for_seconds, wait_until, Timer

Comments in Python

Every line starting with a “#” is considered a comment. Therefore, it isn’t executed as an action.

# This is a comment # This is another comment

Indenting

Python is sensitive to capitalization, spaces, and indenting. This makes it easier to code, once you’re familiar with the rules. For example, there’s a difference between:

x = 0 if x == 1: print('LEGO')

and

x = 0 if x == 1: print('LEGO')

Example 1: Programming Simple Outputs

What You’ll Need

This is the Hub. You're going to create some short programs for it.

• Make sure that you’ve: installed the battery
• Turned it on by pressing the Center Button
• Connected it to your device via Bluetooth or USB

Controlling the Light Matrix

Create your first program using Python.

1. Copy the code below.
2. Paste the code to the Programming Canvas. That is the space where you will write Python code.

Lines with a "#" are comments; they will not influence the actions. The other lines are your program. Can you figure out what this first program is all about?

3. Then, play the program!
# Import the PrimeHub class from spike import PrimeHub from spike.control import wait_for_seconds # Initialize the Hub your_hub = PrimeHub() # Light up a smiley face your_hub.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY') wait_for_seconds(5) your_hub.light_matrix.off()

You should see this on the Hub.



4. Change the image that’s displayed on the Light Matrix.
   • Either change the parameter 'HAPPY' to 'HEART' in the code you already have. This will light up the heart instead of the happy face on the Hub.
   • Or, copy in the code in the box bellow and paste it after the last line of your program. This will light up the happy face for 5 seconds, and then it will light up a heart for 5 seconds.
# Add another image your_hub.light_matrix.show_image('HEART') wait_for_seconds(5) your_hub.light_matrix.off()

Playing Small Beeps and Time

Let’s make the Hub play some beeps.

1. If you have a program on the Programming Canvas, it is a good idea to delete it or start a new project to continue.
2. Then, copy the code below to the Programming Canvas.
3. Make sure you have only one line of code that starts with: from spike import
4. Play the program!
# Import the PrimeHub class from spike import PrimeHub # Initialize the Hub hub = PrimeHub() # beep beep beep! hub.speaker.beep(60, 1)

Change the beat and the tone. Here is one way to do it.

# Here’s a new song hub.speaker.beep(60, 0.5) hub.speaker.beep(67, 1.0) wait_for_seconds(0.5) hub.speaker.beep(60, 0.5)

Playing Sounds

You can also add some sounds to be played from your device.

1. Copy the code below to the Programming Canvas. Play the program!
# Import the PrimeHub class from spike import App # Initialize the app app = App() app.play_sound('Cat Meow 1')
2. Pick another sound to play, or use this program.
app.play_sound('Triumph')

Challenge

Use the functions you’ve learned so far.

Create a short countdown program, something like 3, 2, 1, BOOM!

Example 2: Controlling the Motors

What You’ll Need

Now we’ll connect a motor and turn it on. Connect a motor to one of the Ports with a letter (e.g., Port C).

Run Single Motor for Time

Let’s run the motor for 2 seconds.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and watch the motor.
from spike import Motor # Initialize the motor motor = Motor('C') # Rotate clockwise for 2 seconds at 75% speed motor.run_for_seconds(2.0, 75)
3. Modify your code to change the speed of the motor and the duration of its motion. For Example:
# Rotate counterclockwise for 6.5 seconds at 30% speed motor.run_for_seconds(6.5, -30)

Run Single Motor for Degrees

Let’s run the motor 360 degrees.

1. Copy the code below to the Programming Canvas
2. Play the program and watch the motor.
from spike import Motor # Initialize the motor motor = Motor('C') # Rotate the motor 360 degrees clockwise motor.run_for_degrees(360)
3. Modify your code to change the direction of the motor, using degrees of rotation. For Example:
# Run the motor 360 degrees clockwise, at 30% speed motor.run_for_degrees(-360, 30)

Run Single Motor to Position

Let’s bring the motor to the 0-degree position from whichever position it’s currently in. Its position is indicated by the marker on the motor.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and watch the motor.
from spike import Motor # Initialize the motor motor = Motor('C') # Place the motor in position “0,” aligning the markers motor.run_to_position(0, 'shortest path', 75)
3. Change your code to make the motor stop in different positions.
# Run the motor to different positions, at different speeds wait_for_seconds(1) motor.run_to_position(0, 'shortest path', 30) wait_for_seconds(1) motor.run_to_position(90, 'clockwise', 100)

Challenge

Create a short program to run 2 motors according to a beat, something like both motors in one direction, both in the other direction, one motor in opposite direction of the other, and more!

Use the functions you’ve learned so far.

Example 3: Using the Force Sensor

What You’ll Need

Connect a Force Sensor to Port B and a motor to Port C.

Push, Start, Stop

Let’s use the Force Sensor to control the motor.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and press on the button on the Force Sensor.
from spike import ForceSensor, Motor # Initialize the Force Sensor and a motor force_sensor = ForceSensor('B') motor = Motor('C') # Press the button slowly, it will work only once # Play the program again to try it again motor.set_default_speed(25) force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() motor.start() force_sensor.wait_until_released() motor.stop()
3. Change your code to explore another interaction with the sensor.
motor.set_default_speed(25) force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() force_sensor.wait_until_released() motor.start() force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() force_sensor.wait_until_released() motor.stop()

Example 4: Changing the Flow with Loops & Conditions

What You’ll Need

With a Force Sensor connected to Port B and a motor on Port C, let’s explore ways of changing the execution flow of the program.

While Loop

The while loop is a structure used to repeat something. It’s used with a condition. The loop will repeat itself until the condition is false.

To indicate what goes in the body of the loop, you must indent the text. An example is shown below.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and press on the button on the Force Sensor.
from spike import ForceSensor, Motor # Initialize the Force Sensor, a motor, and a variable force_sensor = ForceSensor('B') motor = Motor('C') count = 0 # You can press 5 times on the Force Sensor motor.set_default_speed(25) while count < 5: force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() motor.start() force_sensor.wait_until_released() motor.stop() count = count + 1
3. Change your code to explore another interaction with the sensor.
# This condition will always be true, so it will loop forever while True: # Measure the force in newtons or as a percentage percentage = force_sensor.get_force_percentage() # Use the measured force to start the motor motor.start(percentage)

Example 5: Using the Color Sensor

What You’ll Need

Connect a Color Sensor to Port F and 2 motors to Ports A and E.

Yellow or violet?

Let’s use the Color Sensor to control the motors.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program. Present a violet brick or a yellow brick to the Color Sensor, then watch the motors.
from spike import ColorSensor, Motor from spike.control import Timer # Initialize the Color Sensor, 2 motors, and a timer color_sensor = ColorSensor('F') motor_a = Motor('A') motor_e = Motor('E') timer = Timer() # Present each colored brick to the Color Sensor and observe what happens; it will detect colors for 30 seconds while timer.now() < 30: color = color_sensor.wait_for_new_color() if color == 'violet': motor_a.run_for_rotations(1) elif color == 'yellow': motor_e.run_for_rotations(1)
3. Change your code to explore another interaction with the sensor.
# This will use the reflected value of the colors to set the speed of the motor (yellow is approximately 80% and violet 60%) while True: color = color_sensor.wait_for_new_color() percentage = color_sensor.get_reflected_light() if color == 'magenta': motor_a.run_for_rotations(1, percentage) elif color == 'yellow': motor_e.run_for_rotations(1, percentage)

Example 6: Using the Distance Sensor

What You’ll Need

Connect a Distance Sensor to Port D and a motor to Port C.

Closer or Farther

Let’s use the Distance Sensor to control the motor.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and wave your hand over the Distance Sensor.
from spike import DistanceSensor, Motor # Initialize the Distance Sensor and motor distance_sensor = DistanceSensor('D') motor = Motor('C') # Move your hand slowly toward and away from the Distance Sensor while True: distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_farther_than(20, 'cm') motor.start() distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_closer_than(20, 'cm') motor.stop()
3. Change your code to explore another interaction with the sensor.
# Move your hand slowly toward and away from the Distance Sensor, the motor speed will change based on the distance detected while True: percentage = distance_sensor.get_distance_percentage() if percentage is not None: motor.start(100 - percentage)

Example 7: Using The Motion Sensor

What You’ll Need

You’ll only need the Hub, which you’ll hold and tilt.

Detect the Position

Let’s control the Light Matrix using the Hub’s Motion Sensor.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program and tilt the Hub left and right.
from spike import PrimeHub, App # Initialize the Hub and the app hub = PrimeHub() app = App() while True: orientation = hub.motion_sensor.wait_for_new_orientation() if orientation == 'front': hub.light_matrix.show_image('ASLEEP') app.start_sound('Snoring') elif orientation == 'up': hub.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY') app.start_sound('Triumph')
3. Change your code to explore another interaction with the sensor.
while True: angle = abs(hub.motion_sensor.get_pitch_angle()) * 2 hub.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY', angle)

Challenge

Use sensors to create a musical instrument that can modulate different sounds.

Example 8: Driving

What You’ll Need

You’ll need a Driving Base. You can build the model any way you like, but the simplest option is to attach 2 motors to the Hub, facing in opposite directions. Connect some wheels, and you’re ready to go!

Move Forward-Backward

Let’s program your Driving Base to move in straight lines.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program! Make sure you have enough space for your Driving Base to move.
from spike import MotorPair # Initialize the motor pair motor_pair = MotorPair('E', 'F') # Initialize default speed motor_pair.set_default_speed(50) # Move in one direction for 2 seconds motor_pair.move(2, 'seconds') Use this code to change your Driving Base’s movement. # Move in the other direction for 2 seconds motor_pair.set_default_speed(-50) motor_pair.move(2, 'seconds')

Rotate a Driving Base (Point Turn)

Going straight but need to turn? Let’s try what’s called a “point turn.” It will turn the Driving Base on a single point.

1. Copy this code to the Programming Canvas.
2. Play the program! Make sure you have enough space for your Driving Base to move.
from spike import MotorPair # Initialize the motor pair motor_pair = MotorPair('E', 'F') # Turn in one direction for 2 seconds motor_pair.move_tank(10, 'cm', left_speed=25, right_speed=75) Use this code to change your Driving Base’s movement. # Move in the other direction for 2 seconds motor_pair.move_tank(1, 'rotations', left_speed=-50, right_speed=50)

Challenge

Here’s a classic! Program your Driving Base to drive in a square using the functions you’ve just tried.

More Python Basics

As a text-based programming language, Python is based on some principles that are worth further explanation.

• Flow Execution
• If/Else
• While Loop
• Data Types
• Class, Objects, Methods, Proprieties

Flow Execution

Remember that Python code is executed line-by-line. This is called the “flow of the execution.”

There are many ways to modify that flow. For example, you can always pause the execution of the program by using the command wait_for_seconds(1) (the number specified in the ( ) is given in seconds). It will have this effect on the flow of execution:

If/Else

“If/else” structures allow you to modify the program’s flow of execution. Effective use of the “if/else” structure is dependent on the ability to write and use good conditional statements. The program will check if the condition is true. If so, it will execute the commands placed within the "if" structure. If not, it will execute the commands placed within the "else" structure.

To indicate what goes in the body of the condition, you must indent the text.

While Loop

The while loop is a structure used to repeat something. It’s used with a condition. The loop will repeat itself until the condition is false.

In Python, we often use the While true: structure, which means that we repeat actions indefinitely because the condition is always true.

To indicate what goes in the body of the loop, you must indent the text.

Data Types

When using a text-based programming language, you’ll have to experiment with different types of values. In the beginning, you’ll mostly use numbers, strings, and lists.

• Numbers (integers): positive or negative whole number, including 0
my_integer = 7 print(my_integer)
• Numbers (float): a number with decimals
my_float = 7.0 print(my_float)
• Strings (text): any characters
my_string = 'Hello World' print(my_string)
• Lists: multiple values bundled together, with each value accessible via an index The index starts at a value of “0.”
mylist = [1,2,3] print(mylist[1])

Class, Objects, Methods, Proprieties

Python is an object-oriented programming language.

Here’s how it works:

In the SPIKE library, we’ve defined the electronic components that you’re able program. These have been grouped into classes. An example of this is the Hub Class, which defines everything you can do with the Hub.

from spike import PrimeHub

To use a class, you have to make a copy of it. The action of making a copy is referred to as “making an Object.” It’s done by initializing a component:

my_own_hub_object = PrimeHub()

Now that you’ve made a copy (i.e., object ) of a class, you can do lots of “things “with it. These “things” are referred to as methods, and sometimes as functions. Methods sometimes have parameters, and sometimes they don’t. For Example

# The method show_image() has a parameter called happy my_own_hub_object.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY') # The method stop() has no parameter motor.stop()

Common SPIKE Python Commands

These are the most common SPIKE Python commands.

1. Beep Sound

hub.speaker.beep(60, 0.2)

2. Play Sound

app.play_sound('Cat Meow 1')

3. Light Matrix

hub.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY') wait_for_seconds(2)

4. Single Motor On for Seconds

motor = Motor('A') motor.run_for_seconds(1, 75)

5. Multiple Motor On for Degrees

motor_a = Motor('A') motor_e = Motor('E') motor_a.run_for_rotation(1, 75) motor_e.run_for_rotation(1, 75)

6. Drive In Straight Line (Driving Base)

motor_pair = MotorPair('E', 'F') motor_pair.move(10, 'cm')

7. Wait for 2 Seconds

wait_for_seconds(2)

8. Wait for Force Sensor

force_sensor.wait_until_pressed()

9. Repeat 10 Times

count = 0 while (count < 10): count = count + 1 hub.light_matrix.write(count)

10. If... Else

color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') while True: color = color_sensor.wait_for_new_color() if color == 'yellow': print('Yellow') else: print('Not Yellow')

11. A Program Example

from spike import PrimeHub, MotorPair from spike.control import wait_for_seconds hub = PrimeHub() motor_pair = MotorPair('F', 'C') motor_pair.set_default_speed(50) # 3 hub.light_matrix.off() hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 1) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 3) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 4) wait_for_seconds(1) # 2 hub.light_matrix.off() hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 1) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 3) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 4) wait_for_seconds(1) # 1 hub.light_matrix.off() hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 0) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 1) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 1) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 2) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 3) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(2, 4) hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(3, 4) wait_for_seconds(1) motor_pair.move(10, 'seconds')

App

To be able to use the App, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike import App # Initialize the App. app = App()

Following are all of the functions linked to the programmable elements of the SPIKE App.

play_sound()

play_sound(name, volume=100)

Plays a sound from the device (tablet or computer).

The program will not continue until the sound has finished playing.

If no sound is found with the given name is found, nothing will happen.

Parameters

name	The name of the sound to play.
Type	string (text)
Values	Alert, Applause1, Applause2, Applause3, Baa, Bang1, Bang2, BasketballBounce, BigBoing, Bird, Bite, BoatHorn1, BoatHorn2, Bonk, BoomCloud, BoopBingBop, BowlingStrike, Burp1, Burp2, Burp3, CarAccelerate1, CarAccelerating2, CarHorn, CarIdle, CarReverse, CarSkid1, CarSkid2, CarVroom, CatAngry, CatHappy, CatHiss, CatMeow1, CatMeow2, CatMeow3, CatPurring, CatWhining, Chatter, Chirp, Clang, ClockTicking, ClownHonk1, ClownHonk2, ClownHonk3, Coin, Collect, Connect, Crank, CrazyLaugh, Croak, CrowdGasp, Crunch, Cuckoo, CymbalCrash, Disconnect, DogBark1, DogBark2, DogBark3, DogWhining1, DogWhining2, Doorbell1, Doorbell2, Doorbell3, DoorClosing, DoorCreek1, DoorCreek2, DoorHandle, DoorKnock, DoorSlam1, DoorSlam2, DrumRoll, DunDunDunnn, EmotionalPiano, Fart1, Fart2, Fart3, Footsteps, Gallop, GlassBreaking, Glug, GoalCheer, Gong, Growl, Grunt, HammerHit, HeadShake, HighWhoosh, Jump, JungleFrogs, Laser1, Laser2, Laser3, LaughingBaby1, LaughingBaby2, LaughingBoy, LaughingCrowd1, LaughingCrowd2, LaughingGirl, LaughingMale, Lose, LowBoing, LowSqueak, LowWhoosh, MagicSpell, MaleJump1, MaleJump2, Moo, OceanWave, Oops, OrchestraTuning, PartyBlower, Pew, PingPongHit, PlaingFlyingBy, PlaneMotorRunning, PlaneStarting, Pluck, PoliceSiren1, PoliceSiren2, PoliceSiren3, Punch, Rain, Ricochet, Rimshot, RingTone, Rip, Robot1, Robot2, Robot3, RocketExplosionRumble, Rooster, ScramblingFeet, Screech, Seagulls, ServiceAnnouncement, SewingMachine, ShipBell, SirenWhistle, Skid, SlideWhistle1, SlideWhistle2, SneakerSqueak, Snoring, Snort, SpaceAmbience, SpaceFlyby, SpaceNoise, Splash, SportWhistle1, SportWhistle2, SqueakyToy, SquishPop, SuctionCup, Tada, TelephoneRing2, TelephoneRing, Teleport2, Teleport3, Teleport, TennisHit, ThunderStorm, TolietFlush, ToyHonk, ToyZing, Traffic, TrainBreaks, TrainHorn1, TrainHorn2, TrainHorn3, TrainOnTracks, TrainSignal1, TrainSignal2, TrainStart, TrainWhistle, Triumph, TropicalBirds, Wand, WaterDrop, WhistleThump, Whiz1, Whiz2, WindowBreaks, Win, Wobble, WoodTap, Zip
Default	no default value

volume	The volume at which the sound will be played.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 %
Default	100%

Errors

TypeError: name is not a string or volume is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The SPIKE App has been disconnected from the Hub.

Example

from spike import App app = App() app.play_sound('Cat Meow 1')

start_sound()

start_sound(name, volume=100)

Starts playing a sound from your device (tablet or computer).

The program will not wait for the sound to finish playing before proceeding to the next command.

If no sound with the given name is found, nothing will happen.

Parameters

name	The name of the sound to play.
Type	string (text)
Values	Alert, Applause1, Applause2, Applause3, Baa, Bang1, Bang2, BasketballBounce, BigBoing, Bird, Bite, BoatHorn1, BoatHorn2, Bonk, BoomCloud, BoopBingBop, BowlingStrike, Burp1, Burp2, Burp3, CarAccelerate1, CarAccelerating2, CarHorn, CarIdle, CarReverse, CarSkid1, CarSkid2, CarVroom, CatAngry, CatHappy, CatHiss, CatMeow1, CatMeow2, CatMeow3, CatPurring, CatWhining, Chatter, Chirp, Clang, ClockTicking, ClownHonk1, ClownHonk2, ClownHonk3, Coin, Collect, Connect, Crank, CrazyLaugh, Croak, CrowdGasp, Crunch, Cuckoo, CymbalCrash, Disconnect, DogBark1, DogBark2, DogBark3, DogWhining1, DogWhining2, Doorbell1, Doorbell2, Doorbell3, DoorClosing, DoorCreek1, DoorCreek2, DoorHandle, DoorKnock, DoorSlam1, DoorSlam2, DrumRoll, DunDunDunnn, EmotionalPiano, Fart1, Fart2, Fart3, Footsteps, Gallop, GlassBreaking, Glug, GoalCheer, Gong, Growl, Grunt, HammerHit, HeadShake, HighWhoosh, Jump, JungleFrogs, Laser1, Laser2, Laser3, LaughingBaby1, LaughingBaby2, LaughingBoy, LaughingCrowd1, LaughingCrowd2, LaughingGirl, LaughingMale, Lose, LowBoing, LowSqueak, LowWhoosh, MagicSpell, MaleJump1, MaleJump2, Moo, OceanWave, Oops, OrchestraTuning, PartyBlower, Pew, PingPongHit, PlaingFlyingBy, PlaneMotorRunning, PlaneStarting, Pluck, PoliceSiren1, PoliceSiren2, PoliceSiren3, Punch, Rain, Ricochet, Rimshot, RingTone, Rip, Robot1, Robot2, Robot3, RocketExplosionRumble, Rooster, ScramblingFeet, Screech, Seagulls, ServiceAnnouncement, SewingMachine, ShipBell, SirenWhistle, Skid, SlideWhistle1, SlideWhistle2, SneakerSqueak, Snoring, Snort, SpaceAmbience, SpaceFlyby, SpaceNoise, Splash, SportWhistle1, SportWhistle2, SqueakyToy, SquishPop, SuctionCup, Tada, TelephoneRing2, TelephoneRing, Teleport2, Teleport3, Teleport, TennisHit, ThunderStorm, TolietFlush, ToyHonk, ToyZing, Traffic, TrainBreaks, TrainHorn1, TrainHorn2, TrainHorn3, TrainOnTracks, TrainSignal1, TrainSignal2, TrainStart, TrainWhistle, Triumph, TropicalBirds, Wand, WaterDrop, WhistleThump, Whiz1, Whiz2, WindowBreaks, Win, Wobble, WoodTap, Zip
Default	no default value

volume	The volume at which the sound will be played
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 %
Default	100%

Errors

TypeError: name is not a string or volume is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The SPIKE App has been disconnected from the Hub.

Example

from spike import App app = App() app.start_sound('Cat Meow 1')

Buttons

Following are all of the functions linked to the programmable buttons (i.e., the Left Button, and the Right Button) on the SPIKE Prime Hub.

Events

wait_until_pressed()

Waits until the button is pressed.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() # beep every time the Left Button is pressed while True: hub.left_button.wait_until_pressed() hub.speaker.start_beep() hub.left_button.wait_until_released() hub.speaker.stop()

wait_until_released()

Waits until the button is released.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() # beep every time the button is pressed while True: hub.left_button.wait_until_pressed() hub.speaker.start_beep() hub.left_button.wait_until_released() hub.speaker.stop()

was_pressed()

Tests to see whether the button has been pressed since the last time this method called.

Once this method returns True, the button must be released and pressed again before this method will return True again.

Returns

	True if the button was pressed, otherwise False
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Example

from spike import PrimeHub from spike.control import wait_for_seconds hub = PrimeHub() while True: wait_for_seconds(5) if hub.left_button.was_pressed(): # do something

Measurements

is_pressed()

Tests whether the button is pressed.

Returns

	True if the button is pressed, otherwise False
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() if hub.left_button.is_pressed(): # do something

Color Sensor

To be able to use the Color Sensor, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor # Initialize the Color Sensor color = ColorSensor('E')

Following are all of the functions linked to the Color Sensor.

Measurements

get_color()

Retrieves the detected color of a surface.

Returns

	Name of the color.
Type	string (text)
Values	'black', 'violet', 'blue', 'cyan', 'green', 'yellow', 'red', 'white', None

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor # Initialize the Color Sensor. paper_scanner = ColorSensor('E') # Measure the color. color = paper_scanner.get_color() # Print the color name to the console print('Detected:', color) # Check if it is a specific color if color == 'red': print('It is red!')

get_ambient_light()

Retrieves the intensity of the ambient light.

This causes the Color Sensor to change modes, which can affect your program in unexpected ways. For example, when the Color Sensor is in ambient light mode, it cannot read colors.

Returns

	The ambient light intensity.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 %

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_reflected_light()

Retrieves the intensity of the reflected light.

Returns

	The reflected light intensity.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 %

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_rgb_intensity()

Retrieves the red, green, blue, and overall color intensity.

Returns

Type	tuple of int
Values	Red, green, blue, and overall intensity (0-1024)

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_red()

Retrieves the red color intensity.

Returns

Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 1024

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_green()

Retrieves the green color intensity.

Returns

Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 1024

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_blue()

Retrieves the blue color intensity.

Returns

Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 1024

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Events

wait_until_color()

wait_until_color(color)

Waits until the Color Sensor detects the specified color.

Parameters

The name of the color

color
Type	string (text)
Values	'black', 'violet', 'blue', 'cyan', 'green', 'yellow', 'red', 'white', None
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: color is not a string or None.

ValueError: color is not one of the allowed values.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') color_sensor.wait_until_color('blue') # Add actions after this

wait_for_new_color()

Waits until the Color Sensor detects a new color.

The first time this method is called, it returns immediately the detected color. After that, it waits until the Color Sensor detects a color that is different from the color that was detected the last time this method was used.

Returns

	The name of the new color
Type	string (text)
Values	'black', 'violet', 'blue', 'cyan', 'green', 'yellow', 'red', 'white', None

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') while True: color = color_sensor.wait_for_new_color() if color == 'black': # For example, steer left elif color == 'white': # For example, steer right

Actions

light_up_all()

light_up_all(brightness=100)

Lights up all of the lights on the Color Sensor with a specified brightness.

This causes the Color Sensor to change modes, which can affect your program in unexpected ways. For example, when the Color Sensor is in light up mode, it cannot read colors.

Parameters

brightness	The desired brightness of the lights on the Color Sensor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 % (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100 %

Errors

TypeError: brightness is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') # Turn the lights of the Color Sensor on color_sensor.light_up_all() # Turn the lights ot the Color Sensor off color_sensor.light_up_all(0)

light_up()

light_up(light_1, light_2, light_3)

Sets the brightness of the individual lights on the Color Sensor.

This causes the Color Sensor to change modes, which can affect your program in unexpected ways. For example, when the Color Sensor is in light up mode, it cannot read colors.

Parameters

light_1	The desired brightness of light 1.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 % (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100 %

light_2	The desired brightness of light 2.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 % (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100 %

light_3	The desired brightness of light 3.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100 % (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100 %

Errors

TypeError: light_1, light_2, or light_3 is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') # Turn on one light (light_2) on the Color Sensor at full brightness color_sensor.light_up(0, 100, 0)

Distance Sensor

To be able to use the Distance Sensor, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor # Initialize the Distance Sensor. distance = DistanceSensor('A')

Following are all of the functions linked to the Distance Sensor.

Actions

light_up_all()

light_up_all(brightness=100)

Lights up all of the lights on the Distance Sensor with the specified brightness.

Parameters

brightness	The specified brightness of all the lights.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100

Errors

TypeError: brightness is not a number.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor distance_sensor = DistanceSensor('A') # Turn the lights on distance_sensor.light_up_all() # Turn the lights off distance_sensor.light_up_all(0)

light_up()

light_up(right_top, left_top, right_bottom, left_bottom)

Sets the brightness of the individual lights on the Distance Sensor.

Parameters

right_top	The brightness of the light above the right part of the Distance Sensor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100

left_top	The brightness of the light above the left part of the Distance Sensor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100

right_bottom	The brightness of the light below the right part of the Distance Sensor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100

left_bottom	The brightness of the light below the left part of the Distance Sensor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (0 is off and 100 is full brightness.)
Default	100

Errors

TypeError: right_top, left_top, right_bottom or left_bottom is not a number.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor distance_sensor = DistanceSensor('A') # Turn on the top lights of the Distance Sensor distance_sensor.light_up(100, 100, 0, 0)

Measurements

get_distance_cm()

get_distance_cm(short_range=False)

Retrieves the measured distance in centimeters.

Parameters

short_range	Whether to use or not the short range mode. The short range mode increases accuracy but it can only detect nearby objects.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	False

Returns

	The measured distance, or “none” if the distance cannot be measured.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	0 to 200 cm

Errors

TypeError: short_range is not a boolean.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor # Initialize the Distance Sensor. wall_detector = DistanceSensor('E') # Measure the distances between the Distance Sensor and and object in centimeters or inches. dist_cm = wall_detector.get_distance_cm() dist_inches = wall_detector.get_distance_inches() # Print both results to the console print('cm:', dist_cm, 'Inches:', dist_inches)

get_distance_inches()

get_distance_inches(short_range=False)

Gets the measured distance in inches.

Parameters

short_range	Whether or not to use short range mode. Short range mode increases accuracy but it can only detect nearby objects.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	False

Returns

	The measured distance, or “none” if the distance cannot be measured.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any value between 0 and 79

Errors

TypeError: short_range is not a boolean.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_distance_percentage()

get_distance_percentage(short_range=False)

Retrieves the measured distance in percent.

Parameters

short_range	Whether or not to use short range mode. Short range mode increases accuracy but it can only detect nearby objects.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	False

Returns

	The measured distance, or “none” if the distance cannot be measured.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	any value between 0 and 100

Errors

TypeError: short_range is not a boolean.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Events

wait_for_distance_farther_than()

wait_for_distance_farther_than(distance, unit='cm', short_range=False)

Waits until the measured distance is greater than distance.

Parameters

distance	The target distance to detect, from the sensor to an object.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any value
Default	no default value

unit	Unit of measurement of the distance.
Type	string (text)
Values	'cm', 'in', '%'
Default	cm

short_range	Whether or not to use short range mode. Short range mode increases accuracy but it can only detect nearby objects.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	False

Errors

TypeError: distance is not a number or unit is not a string or short_range is not a boolean.

ValueError: unit is not one of the allowed values.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor distance_sensor = DistanceSensor('A') while True: distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_farther_than(20, 'cm') # do something, for Example, start a motor distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_closer_than(20, 'cm') # do something, for Example, stop a motor

wait_for_distance_closer_than()

wait_for_distance_closer_than(distance, unit='cm', short_range=False)

Waits until the measured distance is less than distance.

Parameters

distance	The target distance to detect, from the sensor to an object.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any value
Default	no default value

unit	Unit of measurement of the distance.
Type	string (text)
Values	'cm', 'in', '%'
Default	cm

short_range	Whether or not to use short range mode. Short range mode increases accuracy but it can only detect nearby objects.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	False

Errors

TypeError: distance is not a number or unit is not a string or short_range is not a boolean.

ValueError: unit is not one of the allowed values. short_range is not a boolean.

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import DistanceSensor distance_sensor = DistanceSensor('A') while True: distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_farther_than(20, 'cm') # do something, for Example, start a motor distance_sensor.wait_for_distance_closer_than(20, 'cm') # do something, for Example, stop a motor

Force Sensor

To be able to use the Force Sensor, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike import ForceSensor # Initialize the Force Sensor. force = ForceSensor('E')

Following are all of the functions linked to the Force Sensor.

Measurements

is_pressed()

Tests whether the button on the sensor is pressed.

Returns

	True if the button is pressed.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Errors

RuntimeError: The Force Sensor has been disconnected from the port.

Example

from spike import ForceSensor # Initialize the Force Sensor. door_bell = ForceSensor('E') # Check if the Force Sensor is pressed if door_bell.is_pressed(): print('Hello!')

get_force_newton()

Retrieves the measured force, in newtons.

Returns

	The measured force in newtons.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	between 0 and 10

Errors

RuntimeError: The Force Sensor has been disconnected from the port.

Example

from spike import ForceSensor # Initialize the Force Sensor. door_bell = ForceSensor('E') # Measure the force in newtons or as a percentage. newtons = door_bell.get_force_newton() percentage = door_bell.get_force_percentage() # Print both results print('N:', newtons, '=', percentage, '%') # Check whether the Force Sensor is pressed if door_bell.is_pressed(): print('Hello!')

get_force_percentage()

Retrieves the measured force as a percentage of the maximum force.

Returns

	The measured force, in percentage.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	between 0 - 100%.

Errors

RuntimeError: The Force Sensor has been disconnected from the port.

Events

wait_until_pressed()

Waits until the Force Sensor is pressed.

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the port.

Example

from spike import ForceSensor force_sensor = ForceSensor('A') while True: force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() # do something, for Example, start a motor force_sensor.wait_until_released() # do something, for Example, stop a motor

wait_until_released()

Waits until the Force Sensor is released.

Errors

RuntimeError: The sensor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import ForceSensor force_sensor = ForceSensor('A') while True: force_sensor.wait_until_pressed() # do something, for Example, start a motor force_sensor.wait_until_released() # do something, for Example, stop a motor

Light matrix

Following are all of the functions linked to the Light Matrix on the SPIKE Prime Hub.

Actions

show_image()

show_image(image, brightness=100)

Shows an image on the Light Matrix.

Parameters

image	Name of the image.
Type	string (text)
Values	ANGRY, ARROW_E, ARROW_N, ARROW_NE, ARROW_NW, ARROW_S, ARROW_SE, ARROW_SW, ARROW_W, ASLEEP, BUTTERFLY, CHESSBOARD, CLOCK1, CLOCK10, CLOCK11, CLOCK12, CLOCK2, CLOCK3, CLOCK4, CLOCK5, CLOCK6, CLOCK7, CLOCK8, CLOCK9, CONFUSED, COW, DIAMOND, DIAMOND_SMALL, DUCK, FABULOUS, GHOST, GIRAFFE, GO_RIGHT, GO_LEFT, GO_IP, GO_DOWN, HAPPY, HEART, HEART_SMALL, HOUSE, MEH, MUSIC_CROTCHET, MUSIC_QUAVER, MUSIC_QUAVERS, NO, PACMAN, PITCHFORK, RABBIT, ROLLERSKATE, SAD, SILLY, SKULL, SMILE, SNAKE, SQUARE, SQUARE_SMALL, STICKFIGURE, SURPRISED, SWORD, TARGET, TORTOISE, TRIANGLE, TRIANGLE_LEFT, TSHIRT, UMBRELLA, XMAS, YES
Default	no default value

brightness	Brightness of the image
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100%
Default	100

Errors

TypeError: image is not a string or brightness is not an integer.

ValueError: image is not one of the allowed values.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub from spike.control import wait_for_seconds hub = PrimeHub() hub.light_matrix.show_image('HAPPY') wait_for_seconds(5) hub.light_matrix.show_image('ASLEEP') wait_for_seconds(5)

set_pixel()

set_pixel(x, y, brightness=100)

Sets the brightness of one pixel (one of the 25 LED) on the Light Matrix.

Parameters

x	Pixel position, counting from the left.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	1 to 5
Default	no default value

y	Pixel position, counting from the top.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	1 to 5
Default	no default value

brightness	Brightness of the pixel
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100%
Default	100

Errors

TypeError: x, y or brightness is not an integer.

ValueError: x, y is not within the allowed range of 0-4.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.light_matrix.set_pixel(1, 4)

write()

write(text)

Writes text on the Light Matrix, one letter at a time, scrolling from right to left.

Your program will not continue until all of the letters have been shown.

Parameters

text	Text to write.
Type	string (text)
Values	any text
Default	no default value

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.light_matrix.write('Hello!') # Show the number 1 on the Light Matrix hub.light_matrix.write('1')

off()

Turns off all the pixels on the Light Matrix.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.light_matrix.off()

Mathematical Functions

The math module provides some basic mathematical functions for working with floating-point numbers.

Functions

acos(x)

Returns: the inverse cosine of x.

acosh(x)

Returns: the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.

asin(x)

Returns: the inverse sine of x.

asinh(x)

Returns: the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.

atan(x)

Returns: the inverse tangent of x.

atan2(y, x)

Returns: the principal value of the inverse tangent of y/x.

atanh(x)

Returns: the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.

ceil(x)

Returns: an integer, being x rounded towards positive infinity.

copysign(x, y)

Returns: x with the sign of y.

cos(x)

Returns: the cosine of x.

cosh(x)

Returns: the hyperbolic cosine of x.

degrees(x)

Returns: radians x converted to degrees.

erf(x)

Returns: the error function of x.

erfc(x)

Returns: the complementary error function of x.

exp(x)

Returns: the exponential of x.

expm1(x)

Returns: exp(x) - 1.

fabs(x)

Returns: the absolute value of x.

floor(x)

Returns: an integer, being x rounded towards negative infinity.

fmod(x, y)

Returns: the remainder of x/y.

frexp(x)

Returns: Decomposes a floating-point number into its mantissa and exponent. The Returned value is the tuple (m, e) such that x == m * 2**e exactly. If x == 0 then the function Returns (0.0, 0), otherwise the relation 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1 holds.

gamma(x)

Returns: the gamma function of x.

isfinite(x)

Returns: True if x is finite.

isinf(x)

Returns: True if x is infinite.

isnan(x)

Returns: True if x is not-a-number

ldexp(x, exp)

Returns: x * (2**exp).

lgamma(x)

Returns: the natural logarithm of the gamma function of x.

log(x)

Returns: the natural logarithm of x.

log10(x)

Returns: the base-10 logarithm of x.

log2(x)

Returns: the base-2 logarithm of x.

modf(x)

Returns: a tuple of two floats, being the fractional and integral parts of x. Both Returned values have the same sign as x.

pow(x, y)

Returns: x to the power of y.

radians(x)

Returns: degrees x converted to radians.

sin(x)

Returns: the sine of x.

sinh(x)

Returns: the hyperbolic sine of x.

sqrt(x)

Returns: the square root of x.

tan(x)

Returns: the tangent of x.

tanh(x)

Returns: the hyperbolic tangent of x.

trunc(x)

Returns: an integer, being x rounded towards 0.

Constants

e

The mathematical constant e = 2.718281…, with available precision.

pi

The mathematical constant π = 3.141592…, to available precision.

Motion Sensor

Following are all of the functions linked to the Motion Sensor, which combines a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, on the Hub.

Events

was_gesture()

was_gesture(gesture)

Tests whether a gesture has occurred since the last time was_gesture() was used or since the beginning of the program (for the first use).

Parameters

gesture	The name of the gesture.
Type	string (text)
Values	'shaken', 'tapped', 'doubletapped', 'falling', 'None'
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: gesture is not a string.

ValueError: gesture is not one of the allowed values.

Returns

	True if gesture has occurred since the last time was_gesture() was called, otherwise False.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Example

from spike import PrimeHub from spike.control import wait_for_seconds hub = PrimeHub() wait_for_seconds(5) if hub.motion_sensor.was_gesture('shaken'): # the Hub was shaken some time within the last 5 seconds

wait_for_new_gesture()

Waits until a new gesture happens.

Returns

	The new gesture.
Type	string (text)
Values	'shaken', 'tapped', 'doubletapped', 'falling'

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() gesture = hub.motion_sensor.wait_for_new_gesture() if gesture == 'shaken': # do one thing elif gesture == 'tapped': # do another thing

wait_for_new_orientation()

Waits until the orientation of the Hub changes.

The first time this method is called, it will immediately return the current value. After that, calling this method will block the program until the Hub’s orientation has changed since the previous time this method was called.

Returns

	The Hub’s new orientation.
Type	string (text)
Values	'front', 'back', 'up', 'down', 'leftside', 'rightside'

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() orientation = hub.motion_sensor.wait_for_new_orientation() if orientation == 'leftside': # do one thing elif orientation == 'rightside': # do another thing

Measurements

get_orientation()

Retrieves the current orientation of the Hub.

Returns

	The Hub’s current orientation.
Type	string (text)
Values	'front', 'back', 'up', 'down', 'leftside', 'rightside'

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() if hub.motion_sensor.get_orientation() == 'front': # do something

get_gesture()

Retrieves the most recently-detected gesture.

Returns

	The gesture.
Type	string (text)
Values	'shaken', 'tapped', 'doubletapped', 'falling'

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() while True: if hub.motion_sensor.get_gesture() == 'falling': print("Aaah!")

get_roll_angle()

Retrieves the roll angle of the Hub.

“Roll” is the rotation around the front-back (longitudinal) axis. “Yaw” is the rotation around the front-back (vertical) axis. “Pitch” is the rotation around the left-right (transverse) axis.

Returns

	The roll angle, specified in degrees.
Type	Integer (Positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-180 to 180

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() if hub.motion_sensor.get_roll_angle() > 90: # do something

get_pitch_angle()

Retrieves the pitch angle of the Hub.

“Pitch” is the rotation around the left-right (transverse) axis. “Roll” is the rotation around the front-back (longitudinal) axis. “Yaw” is the rotation around the front-back (vertical) axis.

Returns

	The pitch angle, specified in degrees.
Type	Integer (Positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-180 to 180

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() if hub.motion_sensor.get_pitch_angle() > 90: # do something

get_yaw_angle()

Retrieves the yaw angle of the Hub.

“Yaw” is the rotation around the front-back (vertical) axis. “Pitch” the is rotation around the left-right (transverse) axis. “Roll” the is rotation around the front-back (longitudinal) axis.

Returns

	The yaw angle, specified in degrees.
Type	Integer (Positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-180 to 180

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() if hub.motion_sensor.get_yaw_angle() > 90: # do something

Settings

reset_yaw_angle()

Sets the yaw angle to 0.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.motion_sensor.reset_yaw_angle() angle = hub.motion_sensor.get_yaw_angle() print('Angle:', angle) # Angle is now 0

Motor Pairs

MotorPair objects are used to control two motors simultaneously in opposite directions.

To be able to use MotorPair, you must initialize the 2 motors.

Example

from spike import MotorPair # If the left motor is connected to Port B # And the right motor is connected to Port A. motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A')

Actions

move()

move(amount, unit='cm', steering=0, speed=None)

Start the 2 motors simultaneously to move a Driving Base.

steering=0 makes the Driving Base go straight. Negative numbers make the Driving Base turn left. Positive numbers make the Driving Base turn right.

The program will not continue until amount is reached.

If the value of steering is equal to -100 or 100, the Driving Base will perform a rotation on itself (tank move) with the default speed on each motor.

If the value of steering is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If speed is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If the speed is negative, then the Driving Base will move backward instead of forward. Likewise, if amount is negative, the Driving Base will move backward instead of forward. If both the speed and the amount are negative, then the Driving Base will move forward.

When unit is 'cm' or 'in', the amount of the unit parameter is the horizontal distance that the Driving Base will travel before stopping. The relationship between motor rotations and distance traveled can be adjusted by calling set_motor_rotation().

When 'unit' is 'rotations' or 'degrees', the amount parameter value specifies how much the motor axle will turn before stopping.

When unit is 'seconds', the amount parameter value specifies the amount of time the motors will run before stopping.

Parameters

amount	The quantity to move in relation to the specified unit of measurement.
Type	float (decimal numbers)
Values	any value
Default	no default value

unit	The units of measurement of the amount parameter
Type	string (text)
Values	'cm', 'in', 'rotations', 'degrees', 'seconds'
Default	cm

steering	The direction and the quantity to steer the Driving Base.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	100 to 100
Default	0

speed	The motor speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	the speed set by set_default_speed()

Errors

TypeError: amount is not a number, or steering or speed is not an integer, or unit is not a string.

ValueError: unit is not one of the allowed values.

RuntimeError: One or both of the motors has been disconnected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

import math from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') # turn a Driving Base 180 degrees in place (if wheels are 8.1 cm apart) motor_pair.move(8.1 * math.pi / 2, 'cm', steering=100)

start()

start(steering=0, speed=None)

Start the 2 motors simultaneously, to will move a Driving Base.

steering=0 makes the Driving Base go straight. Negative numbers make the Driving Base turn left. Positive numbers make the Driving Base turn right.

The program flow is not interrupted. This is most likely interrupted by a sensor input and a condition.

If the value of steering is equal to -100 or 100, the Driving Base will perform a rotation on itself (tank move) with the default speed on each motor.

If the value of steering is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending on whether the value is positive or negative.

If speed is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If the speed is negative, then the Driving Base will move backward instead of forward. Likewise, if amount is negative, the Driving Base will move backward instead of forward. If both the speed and the amount are negative, then the Driving Base will move forward.

Parameters

steering	The direction and the quantity to steer the Driving Base.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	0

speed	The speed at which the Driving Base will move while performing a curve.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100 %
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: steering or speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: One or both of the motors has been disconnected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') motor_pair.start() # wait for something... motor_pair.stop()

stop()

Stops the 2 motors simultaneously, which will stop a Driving Base.

The motors will either actively hold their current position or coast freely depending on the option selected by set_stop_action().

Errors

RuntimeError: One or both of the motors has been disconnected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') motor_pair.start() # wait for something... motor_pair.stop()

move_tank()

move_tank(amount, unit='cm', left_speed=None, right_speed=None)

Moves the Driving Base using differential (tank) steering.

The speed of each motor can be controlled independently for differential (tank) drive Driving Bases.

When unit is 'cm' or 'in', the amount of the unit parameter is the horizontal distance that the Driving Base will travel before stopping. The relationship between motor rotations and distance traveled can be adjusted by calling set_motor_rotation().

When 'unit' is 'rotations' or 'degrees', the amount parameter value specifies how much the motor axle will turn before stopping.

When unit is 'seconds', the amount parameter value specifies the amount of time the motors will run before stopping.

If left_speed or right_speed is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If one of the speed is negative (left_speed or right_speed), then the motor with that negative speed will run backward instead of forward. If the value of the amount parameter is negative, both motors will rotate backward instead of forward. If both the speed values (left_speed or right_speed) are negative and the value of the amount parameter is negative, then the both motors will rotate forward.

The program will not continue until amount is reached.

Parameters

amount	The quantity to move in relation to the specified unit of measurement.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any value
Default	no default value

unit	The units of measurement of the amount parameter
Type	string (text)
Values	'cm', 'in', 'rotations', 'degrees', 'seconds'
Default	cm

left_speed	The speed of the left motor
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	the speed set by set_default_speed()

right_speed	The speed of the right motor
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	the speed set by set_default_speed()

Errors

TypeError: amount, left_speed or right_speed is not a number or unit is not a string.

ValueError: unit is not one of the allowed values.

RuntimeError: One or both of the Ports do not have a motor connected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') motor_pair.move_tank(10, 'cm', left_speed=25, right_speed=75)

start_tank()

start_tank(left_speed, right_speed)

Starts moving the Driving Base using differential (tank) steering.

The speed of each motor can be controlled independently for differential (tank) drive Driving Bases.

If left_speed or right_speed is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If a speed is negative, then the motors will move backward instead of forward.

The program flow is not interrupted. This is most likely interrupted by a sensor input and a condition.

Parameters

left_speed	The speed of the left motor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	no default value

right_speed	The speed of the right motor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: left_speed or right_speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: One or both of the Ports do not have a motor connected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') # Rotote the Driving Base in place to the right motor_pair.start_tank(100, -100)

start_at_power()

start_at_power(power, steering=0)

Starts moving the Driving Base without speed control.

The motors can also be driven without speed control. This is useful when using your own control algorithm (e.g., a proportional line follower).

If steering is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If power is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending whether the value is positive or negative.

If the power is negative, then Driving Base will move backward instead of forward.

The program flow is not interrupted. This can most likely interrupted by a sensor input and a condition.

Parameters

power	The amount of power to send to the motors.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100 %
Default	100

steering	The steering direction (-100 to 100). 0 makes the Driving Base go straight. Negative numbers make the Driving Base turn left. Positive numbers make the Driving Base turn right.
Type	Integer
Values	-100 to 100
Default	0

Errors

TypeError: steering or power is not an integer.

RuntimeError: One or both of the Ports do not have a motor connected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair, ColorSensor motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') color_sensor = ColorSensor('F') while True: steering = color_sensor.get_reflected_light() - 50 motor_pair.start_at_power(50, steering)

start_tank_at_power()

start_tank_at_power(left_power, right_power)

Starts moving the Driving Base using differential (tank) steering without speed control.

The motors can also be driven without speed control. This is useful when using your own control algorithm (e.g., a proportional line follower).

If left_power or right_power is outside of the allowed range, the value will be ronuded to -100 or 100 depending on whether the value is positive or negative.

If a power is negative, then the corresponding motor will move backward instead of forward.

The program flow is not interrupted. This can most likely interrupted by a sensor input and a condition.

Parameters

left_power	The power of the left motor
Type	Integer
Values	-100 to 100
Default	no default value

right_power	The power of the right motor
Type	Integer
Values	-100 to 100
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: left_power or right_power is not an integer.

RuntimeError: One or both of the Ports do not have a motor connected or the motors could not be paired.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') # Rotate the Driving Base in place to the right motor_pair.start_tank_at_power(100, -100)

Measurements

get_default_speed()

Retrieves the default motor speed.

Returns

	The default motor speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100 %

Settings

set_motor_rotation()

set_motor_rotation(amount, unit='cm')

Sets the ratio of one motor rotation to the distance traveled.

If there are no gears used between the motors and the wheels of the Driving Base, then amount is the circumference of one wheel.

Calling this method does not affect the Driving Base if it is already currently running. It will only have an effect the next time one of the move or start methods is used.

Parameters

amount	The distance the Driving Base moves when both motors move one rotation each.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any value
Default	17.6

unit	The units of measurement of the amount parameter.
Type	string (text)
Values	'cm', 'in'
Default	cm

Errors

TypeError: amount is not a number or unit is not a string.

ValueError: unit is not one of the allowed values.

Example

import math from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') # The SPIKE Prime Wheels have a diameter of 17.6 cm. Multiplying by π gives the distance traveled (circumference) motor_pair.set_motor_rotation(17.6 * math.pi, 'cm')

set_default_speed()

set_default_speed(speed)

Sets the default motor speed.

If speed is outside of the allowed range, the value will be set to -100 or 100 depending on whether the value is positive or negative.

Setting the speed will not have any effect until one of the move or start methods is called, even if the Driving Base is already moving.

Parameters

speed	The default motor speed
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100
Default	100

Errors

TypeError: speed is not a number.

set_stop_action()

set_stop_action(action)

Sets the motor action that will be used when the Driving Base stops.

If action is 'brake' the motors will stop quickly but will be allowed to turn freely.

If action is 'hold', the motors will actively hold their current position and cannot be turned manually.

If action is set to 'coast', the motors will stop slowly and will be able to be turned freely.

Setting the stop action does not take immediate effect on the motors. The setting will be saved and used whenever stop() is called or when one of the move methods has completed without being interrupted.

Parameters

action	The desired action of the motors when the Driving Base stops.
Type	string (text)
Values	'brake', 'hold', 'coast'
Default	'coast'

Errors

TypeError: action is not a string.

ValueError: action is not one of the allowed values.

Example

from spike import MotorPair motor_pair = MotorPair('B', 'A') # allow the motors to turn freely after stopping motor_pair.set_stop_action('coast')

Operators

greater_than()

greater_than(a, b)

Tests whether value a is greater than value b.

This is the same as a > b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a > b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import greater_than color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_reflected_light, greater_than, 50)

greater_than_or_equal_to()

greater_than_or_equal_to(a, b)

Tests whether a is greater or equal to than b.

This is the same as a >= b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a >= b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import greater_than_or_equal_to color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_reflected_light, greater_than_or_equal_to, 50)

less_than()

less_than(a, b)

Tests whether a is less than b.

This is the same as a < b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a < b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import less_than color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_reflected_light, less_than, 50)

less_than_or_equal_to()

less_than_or_equal_to(a, b)

Tests whether a is less than or equal to b.

This is the same as a <= b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a <= b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import less_than_or_equal_to color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_reflected_light, less_than_or_equal_to, 50)

equal_to()

equal_to(a, b)

Tests whether a is equal to b.

This is the same as a == b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a == b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import equal_to color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_color, equal_to, 'red')

not_equal_to()

not_equal_to(a, b)

Tests whether a is not equal to b.

This is the same as a != b.

Parameters

a	Any object that can be compared to b.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

b	Any object that can be compared to a.
Type	any type
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Returns

Type	boolean
Values	True if a != b, otherwise False.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import not_equal_to color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') wait_until(color_sensor.get_color, not_equal_to, None)

Prime Hub

The PrimeHub is divided into six components, each with a number of functions linked to it.

To be able to use the Hub, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub # Initialize the Hub. hub = PrimeHub()

Constants

PrimeHub.left_button

The Left Button on the Hub.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.left_button.wait_until_pressed()

PrimeHub.right_button

The Right Button on the Hub.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.right_button.wait_until_pressed()

PrimeHub.speaker

The speaker inside the Hub.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.speaker.beep()

PrimeHub.light_matrix

The Light Matrix on the Hub.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.light_matrix.off()

PrimeHub.status_light

The Brick Status Light on the Hub’s Center Button.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.status_light.on('blue')

PrimeHub.motion_sensor

The Motion Sensor inside the Hub.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() yaw = hub.motion_sensor.get_yaw_angle()

PrimeHub.PORT_A

The Port labeled “A” on the Hub.

PrimeHub.PORT_B

The Port labeled “B” on the Hub.

PrimeHub.PORT_C

The Port labeled “C” on the Hub.

PrimeHub.PORT_D

The Port labeled “D” on the Hub.

PrimeHub.PORT_E

The Port labeled “E” on the Hub.

PrimeHub.PORT_F

The Port labeled “F” on the Hub.

Single Motors

To be able to use Motors, you must initialize them.

Example

from spike import Motor # Initialize the motor. motor = Motor('A')

Following are the functions linked to SPIKE Medium Motor and the SPIKE Large Motor.

Actions

run_to_position()

run_to_position(degrees, direction='shortest path', speed=None)

Runs the motor to an absolute position.

The sign of the speed will be ignored (absolute value) and the motor will always travel in the direction specified by direction parameter. If speed is greater than 100, it will be limited to 100.

Parameters

degrees	The target position.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 359
Default	no default value

direction	The direction to use to reach the target position.
Type	string (text)
Values	'shortest path' could run in either direction depending on the shortest distance to the target. 'clockwise' will make the motor run clockwise until it reaches the target position. 'counterclockwise' will make the motor run counterclockwise until it reaches the target position.
Default	no default value

speed	The motor’s speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100%
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: degrees or speed is not an integer or direction is not a string.

ValueError: direction is not one of the allowed values or degrees is not within the range of 0-359 (both inclusive).

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') # Set the motor to position 0, aligning the markers motor.run_to_position(0)

run_to_degrees_counted()

run_to_degrees_counted(degrees, speed=None)

Runs the motor until degrees counted is equal to the value specified by the degrees parameter.

The sign of the speed will be ignored and the motor will always travel in the direction required to reach degrees. If speed is greater than 100, it will be limited to 100.

Parameters

degrees	The target degrees counted.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	any number
Default	no default value

speed	The desired speed..
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100% (positive values only)
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: degrees or speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor from spike.control import wait_for_seconds motor = Motor('A') for deg in range(0, 721, 90): motor.run_to_degrees_counted(deg) wait_for_seconds(1)

run_for_degrees()

run_for_degrees(degrees, speed=None)

Runs the motor for a given number of degrees.

Parameters

degrees	The number of degrees the motor should run.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	any number
Default	no default value

speed	The motor’s speed
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100 to 100 %
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: degrees or speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') # Run the motor 90 degrees clockwise motor.run_for_degrees(90) # Run the motor 90 degrees counterclockwise motor.run_for_degrees(-90) # Run the motor 360 degrees clockwise, at maximum speed (100%) motor.run_for_degrees(360, 100)

run_for_rotations()

run_for_rotations(rotations, speed=None)

Runs the motor for a specified number of rotations.

Parameters

rotations	The number of rotations the motor should run.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any number
Default	no default value

speed	The motor’s speed
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: rotations is not a number or speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') # Run the motor 90 degrees clockwise: motor.run_for_rotations(0.25) # Run the motor 90 degrees counterclockwise: motor.run_for_rotations(-0.25)

run_for_seconds()

run_for_seconds(seconds, speed=None)

Runs the motor for a specified number of seconds.

Parameters

seconds	The number of seconds for which the motor should run.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any number
Default	no default value

speed	The motor’s speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: seconds is not a number or speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') # Run clockwise for half a second at 75% speed motor.run_for_seconds(0.5, 75) # Run counterclockwise for 6 seconds at 30% speed motor.run_for_seconds(6, -30)

start()

start(speed=None)

Starts running the motor at a specified speed.

The motor will keep moving at this speed until you give it another motor command, or when your program ends.

Parameters

speed	The motor’s speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%
Default	if no value is specified, it will use the default speed set by set_default_speed().

Errors

TypeError: speed is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') motor.start() # wait until something... motor.stop()

stop()

Stops the motor.

What the motor does after it stops depends on the action set in set_stop_action(). The default value of set_stop_action() is coast.

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') motor.start() # wait until something... motor.stop()

start_at_power()

start_at_power(power)

Starts rotating the motor at a specified power level.

The motor will keep moving at this power level until you give it another motor command, or when your program ends.

Parameters

power	Power of the motor.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: power is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Measurements

get_speed()

Retrieves the speed of the motor.

Returns

	The current speed of the motor
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_position()

Retrieves the position of the motor. This is the clockwise angle between the moving marker and the zero-point marker on the motor.

Returns

	The position of the motor
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 359 degrees

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_degrees_counted()

Retrieves the degrees counted by the motor.

Returns

	The number of degrees counted.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	any number

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

get_default_speed()

Retrieves the current default motor speed.

Returns

	The default motor’s speed.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	(-100% to 100%).

Events

was_interrupted()

Tests whether the motor was interrupted.

Returns

	True if the motor was interrupted since the last time was_interrupted() was called, otherwise False.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') motor.run_for_rotations(2) if motor.was_interrupted(): # the motor did not complete two rotations

was_stalled()

Tests whether the motor was stalled.

Returns

	True if the motor was stalled since the last time was_stalled() was called, otherwise False.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False

Errors

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') motor.set_stall_detection(True) motor.run_for_rotations(2) if motor.was_stalled(): # the motor did not complete two rotations

Settings

set_degrees_counted()

set_degrees_counted(degrees_counted)

Sets the number of degrees counted to a desired value.

Parameters

degrees_counted	The value to which the number of degrees counted should be set.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	any number
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: degrees_counted is not an integer.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

set_default_speed()

set_default_speed(default_speed)

Sets the default motor speed. This speed will be used when you omit the speed argument in one of the other methods, such as run_for_degrees.

Setting the default speed does not affect any motors that are currently running.

It will only have an effect when another motor method is called after this method.

If the value of default_speed is outside of the allowed range, the default speed will be set to -100 or 100 depending on whether the value was negative or positive.

Parameters

default_speed	The default speed value.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	-100% to 100%.
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: default_speed is not an integer.

set_stop_action()

set_stop_action(action)

Sets the default behavior when a motor stops.

Parameters

action	The desired motor behavior when the motor stops.
Type	string (text)
Values	'coast', 'brake', 'hold'
Default	coast

Errors

TypeError: action is not a string.

ValueError: action is not one of the allowed values.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

set_stall_detection()

set_stall_detection(stop_when_stalled)

Turns stall detection on or off.

Stall detection senses when a motor has been blocked and can’t move. If stall detection has been enabled and a motor is blocked, the motor will be powered off after two seconds and the current motor command will be interrupted. If stall detection has been disabled, the motor will keep trying to run and programs will “get stuck” until the motor is no longer blocked.

Stall detection is enabled by default.

Parameters

stop_when_stalled	Choose True to enable stall detection or False to disable it.
Type	boolean
Values	True or False
Default	True

Errors

TypeError: stop_when_stalled is not a boolean.

RuntimeError: The motor has been disconnected from the Port.

Example

from spike import Motor motor = Motor('A') motor.set_stall_detection(False) motor.run_for_rotations(2) # The program will never get here if the motor is stalled

Speaker

Following are all of the functions linked to sounds coming out of the SPIKE Prime Hub.

Actions

beep()

beep(note=60, seconds=0.2)

Plays a beep on the Hub.

Your program will not continue until seconds have passed.

Parameters

note	The MIDI note number.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	44 to 123 (60 is middle C note)
Default	60 (middle C note)

seconds	The duration of the beep in seconds.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	any values
Default	0.2 seconds

Errors

TypeError: note is not an integer or seconds is not a number.

ValueError: note is not within the allowed range of 44-123.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() # beep beep beep! hub.speaker.beep(60, 0.5) hub.speaker.beep(67, 0.5) hub.speaker.beep(60, 0.5)

start_beep()

start_beep(note=60)

Starts playing a beep.

The beep will play indefinitely until stop() or another beep method is called.

Parameters

note	The MIDI note number.
Type	float (decimal number)
Values	44 to 123 (60 is middle C note)
Default	60 (middle C note)

Errors

TypeError: note is not an integer.

ValueError: note is not within the allowed range of 44-123

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.speaker.start_beep() # do something hub.speaker.stop()

stop()

Stops any sound that is playing.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.speaker.start_beep() # do something hub.speaker.stop()

Measurements

get_volume()

Retrieves the value of the speaker volume.

This only retrieves the volume for the Hub and not the programming app.

Returns

	The current volume.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100%

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() # increase the volume of the Hub speaker by 10% hub.speaker.set_volume(hub.speaker.get_volume() + 10)

Settings

set_volume()

set_volume(volume)

Sets the speaker volume.

If the assigned volume is out of range, the nearest volume (0 or 100) will be used instead. This only sets the volume for the Hub and not the programming app.

Parameters

volume	The new volume percentage.
Type	integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	0 to 100%
Default	100%

Errors

TypeError: volume is not an integer.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() # set the volume of the Hub speaker to 50% hub.speaker.set_volume(50)

Status Light

Following are all of the functions linked to the programmable Brick Status Light on the SPIKE Prime Hub.

Actions

on()

on(color='white')

Sets the color of the light.

Parameters

color	Illuminates the Brick Status Light on the Hub in the specified color
Type	string (text)
Values	'azure', 'black', 'blue', 'cyan', 'green', 'orange', 'pink', 'red', 'violet', 'yellow', 'white'
Default	'white'

Errors

TypeError: color is not a string.

ValueError: color is not one of the allowed values.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.status_light.on('blue')

off()

Turns off the light.

Example

from spike import PrimeHub hub = PrimeHub() hub.status_light.off()

Wait Functions

wait_for_seconds()

wait_for_seconds(seconds)

Waits for a specified number of seconds before continuing the program.

Parameters

seconds	The time to wait in seconds.
Type	float (decimal value)
Values	any value
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: seconds is not a number.

ValueError: seconds is not at least 0.

Example

from spike.control import wait_for_seconds # wait for 3 seconds (pause the program flow) wait_for_seconds(3)

wait_until()

wait_until(get_value_function, operator_function=<function equal_to>, target_value=True)

Waits until the condition is True before continuing with the program.

Parameters

get_value_function
Type	callable function
Values	A function that returns the current value to be compared to the target value.
Default	no default value

operator_function
Type	callable function
Values	A function that compares two arguments. The first argument will be the result of get_value_function() and the second argument will be target_value. The function will compare these two values and return the result.
Default	no default value

target_value
Type	any type
Values	Any object that can be compared by operator_function.
Default	no default value

Errors

TypeError: get_value_function or operator_function is not callable or operator_function does not compare two arguments.

Example

from spike import ColorSensor from spike.control import wait_until from spike.operator import equal_to color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') # wait for the Color Sensor to detect red wait_until(color_sensor.get_color, equal_to, 'red')

Example

from spike import ColorSensor, Motor from spike.control import wait_until color_sensor = ColorSensor('A') motor = Motor('B') def red_or_position(): return color_sensor.get_color() == 'red' or motor.get_position() > 90 wait_until(red_or_position)

Timer

To be able to use the Timer, you must initialize it.

Example

from spike.control import Timer # Initialize the Timer. timer = Timer()

Following are all of the functions linked to the Timer.

reset()

Sets the timer to 0.

Example

from spike.control import Timer timer = Timer() # after some time... timer.reset()

now()

Retrieves the “right now” time of the timer.

Returns

	The current time in seconds.
Type	Integer (positive or negative whole number, including 0)
Values	A value greater than 0

Example

from spike.control import Timer timer = Timer() while True: # if it has been more than 5 seconds since the timer started if timer.now() > 5: # then break out of the while loop break

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